Keywords
histidine kinase
response regulador
phosphorylation
BarA/UvrY
How to Cite
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCS) are the primary signal transduction system used by bacteria and microorganisms to detect changes in the environment and generate an adaptive response. The basic mechanism of operation of these systems lies in phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions between a sensor histidine kinase (SK) and its cognate response regulator (RR). However, the involvement of accessory proteins and cofactors in regulating the activity of TCS, as well as their role as intermediaries in cross-regulation between different TCS, allows us to visualize the functionality of these systems as complex signaling networks that operate together to effectively respond to the organism’s physiological requirements. This review discusses some of the regulatory mechanisms that can be adopted by TCS; using the BarA/UvrY TCS and orthologs as a model; in which, although a high degree of homology is shared between organisms, a great versatility in their regulatory mechanisms is observed as a result of the particular conditions each organism encounters.
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