Palabras clave
compartimento celular bacteriano
orgánulos fototróficos
vacuolas bacterianas
pepins
Cómo citar
Resumen
Las bacterias son microorganismos difíciles de observar por técnicas convencionales, por lo que un estudio detallado de su interior, sólo es posible a través del microscopio electrónico. Definir a las bacterias en términos morfológicos también es complicado, de allí que su definición “clásica” que las conceptualiza como organismos celulares que carecen de membranas internas, si bien es incorrecta, sigue siendo muy aceptada entre los no especialistas, no obstante las bacterias tienen decenas de tipos de orgánulos, que son estructuras subcelulares, delimitadas por membranas biológicas con proteomas característicos y una peculiar fisiología. En esta breve revisión, desde una perspectiva histórica, se hace referencia a los primeros orgánulos descritos, en especial a los relacionados con los procesos de obtención de energía y fijación de carbono de las bacterias fotótrofas y de las quimiótrofas; (estos son: los cromatóforos, tilacoides, clorosomas, carboxisomas, anammoxosomas y las vacuolas energéticas), los que llevan a cabo la magnetotaxis (magnetosomas), los que concentran la mayor parte de la actividad celular (pirellulosomas) y que pueden, incluso, por la función que en su conjunto realizan, revolucionar el concepto que se tiene de las bacterias (pepins).
Citas
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