Keywords
scorpions
toxins
cardiovascular system
How to Cite
Abstract
Within the class Arachnida, the most common orders are Araneae and Scorpionidae. The bite of these animals represents a health risk in many countries around the world since in some cases it causes the death of the victims. The main clinical signs that appear after spider and scorpion bites are those related to cardiovascular manifestations. Considering their clinical relevance and effects on the cardiovascular system, in the case of spiders, the bite of Latrodectus species stands out. Regarding scorpions, the stings of Tityus, Centruroides, Buthus and Leiurus species are the most relevant. The composition of arachnid venoms includes toxins that affect the cardiovascular system, such as bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs), which induce an antihypertensive effect either by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or by activating bradykinin receptors. Recently, the isolation and characterization of BPPs has gained importance due to their potential application for the development of new drugs useful for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension. This review compiles the information reported about arachnid venoms that have effects on the cardiovascular system and the mechanisms of action of the toxins involved in these effects, which are potential structural prototypes for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
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