Palabras clave
escorpiones
toxinas
sistema cardiovascular
Cómo citar
Resumen
En la clase Arachnida, los órdenes más comunes son Araneae y Scorpionida. La mordedura de las arañas y la picadura de los escorpiones (también conocidos como alacranes) son un riesgo para la salud en varios países del mundo, ya que, en algunos casos, provoca la muerte de las víctimas. Los principales signos clínicos que se presentan tras el ataque de arañas y escorpiones son aquellos relacionados con manifestaciones a nivel del sistema cardiovascular. Por su relevancia clínica y efectos sobre este sistema, destacan, en el caso de las arañas, la mordedura de las especies del género Latrodectus y, en los escorpiones, la picadura de especies de los géneros Tityus, Centruroides, Buthus y Leiurus. En lo referente a la composición de su veneno, se distinguen los péptidos potenciadores de bradicinina (BPPs), con un efecto antihipertensivo por medio de la inhibición de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA) o mediante la activación de receptores a bradicinina. En las últimas décadas, ha cobrado importancia el estudio y el aislamiento de este tipo de péptidos debido a su potencial aplicación terapéutica para el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos útiles en el tratamiento de afecciones cardiovasculares, como la hipertensión arterial. En esta revisión se recopila la información publicada sobre el veneno de los arácnidos con efecto sobre el sistema cardiovascular y los mecanismos de acción de las toxinas involucradas vistas como prototipos estructurales para el desarrollo de agentes terapéuticos novedosos.
Citas
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